in charge,” or “leader,” since the word has those metaphorical meanings in English. And the Hebrew word for “head” (roʾsh) is often used metaphorically in the Old Testament for tribal leaders or other persons in authority.24 The problem is that this metaphorical meaning is not common in Greek. Most of the time the LXX uses some other word (such as archon) to translate roʾsh. Kephale was used only sixteen times in the LXX to translate roʾsh when the idea of “authority over” is present (about 180 occurrences).